United States Founding
shall be done in a manner that preserves the distinctive edge of the coin so that the denomination of the coin is readily discernible, including by
The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America
Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents
Continental Congress of the United States Presidents
July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781
202-239-1774 | Office
202-239-0037 | FAX
Dr. Naomi and Stanley Yavneh Klos, Principals
Half-Dollar Coin Act
An Act to require the Secretary of the Treasury to mint coins in commemoration of each of the Nation's past Presidents of the Continental Congress and United States in Congress Assembled along with their spouses, respectively, to improve circulation of the Half-Dollar Coin.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the U.S. Founding Half-Dollar Coin Act of 2013.
TITLE I--PRESIDENTIAL AND CAPITOL HALF-DOLLAR COINS
SEC. 101. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) There are sectors of the United States economy, including public transportation, parking meters, vending machines, and low-dollar value transactions, in which the use of a Half-Dollar Coin is both useful and desirable for keeping costs and prices down.
(2) For a variety of reasons, the Half-Dollar has not been widely sought-after by the public, leading to higher costs for merchants and thus higher prices for consumers.
(3) The success of the 50 States Commemorative Coin Program (31 U.S.C. 5112(l)) for circulating quarter dollars shows that a design on a United States circulating coin that is regularly changed in a manner similar to the systematic change in designs in such Program radically increases demand for the coin, rapidly pulling it through the economy.
(4) The 50 States Commemorative Coin Program also has been an educational tool, teaching both Americans and visitors something about each State for which a quarter has been issued.
(5) The decline of the half-dollar began with the introduction of the Kennedy half-dollar in 1964. Production on the Franklin half-dollar had risen from 20 million in 1959 to 90 million in 1963 due to rising demand. Due to the popularity of President John F. Kennedy, the 1.3 billion coins minted between 1964 and 1970 were taken out of circulation by silver speculators and President Kennedy Admirers.
(6) In 1971 the U.S. Mint began making half-dollars out of cupronickel-clad copper but although production reached its peak in 1974 at 280 million coins the Kennedy half-dollars were not utilized in circulation.
(7) John F. Kennedy, as currently represented on the Half-Dollar coin, is an important President of American history but the image has now resulted in declined circulation of coin to a minting of only 3.4 million in 2008 with few in circulation.
(8) Unlike the current $1 coin that is not being circulated by the public, the shape and size of the half-dollar has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States Mint in 1794. The only U.S. coin that has been minted more consistently is the penny.
(9) There is a need for a widely circulated high value coin and the re-introduced half-dollar can fill that need.
(10) Most people do not realize that the United States of America conducted its war for independence under the Articles of Association which created the Continental Congress whose members elected a President from 1774-1781. Under the Articles of Association the Continental Congress also elected the first Commander-in-Chief in 1775, George Washington, who initially reported to the President.
(11) Most people do not realize that the United States of America concluded its war with Great Britain and governed the nation under an unanimously ratified federal constitution known as the Articles of Confederation from 1781-1788. The delegates of this constitutional government elected ten Presidents of the United States, in Congress Assembled.
(12) The Continental Congress and United States in Congress Assembled 14 Presidents were leaders of our unicameral government serving the United Colonies and States from 1774 to 1788.
(13) Most people cannot name, other than John Hancock, even one pre-Constitution of 1787 President or evens know there were United Colony/States unicameral presidencies from 1774-1788.
(14) During the unicameral government’s existence a second leadership office, Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces was enacted and held exclusively by George Washington from 1775 to 1783.
(15) The obverse of these half-dollar coins are designed, at long last, to enumerate and delineate the Presidencies of the Continental Congress, United States, in Congress Assembled Presidency and the office of Commander-in-Chief.
(16) Moreover, most people do not realize the government of the United Colonies and States convened in eight different towns and cities during the founding period. There were twelve different buildings utilized as capitols. Additionally, the first Congressional Caucus of 1774 was held in a thirteenth building - Philadelphia’s City Tavern while the unicameral government faded away in Fraunces Tavern of New York City in 1789.
(17) In keeping with the $1 Coin order to revitalize the design of United States coinage and return circulating coinage to its position as not only a necessary means of exchange in commerce, but also as an object of aesthetic beauty in its own right, it is appropriate to move many of the mottos and emblems, the inscription of the year, and the so-called mint marks' that currently appear on the 2 faces of each circulating coin to the edge of the coin, which would allow larger and more dramatic artwork on the coins.
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| Richard Henry Lee's Stratford Hall On the Half-Dollar Coin Act |
SEC. 102. U.S. FOUNDING Half-Dollar COIN PROGRAM.
Section, is amended by adding at the end the following:
(n) Redesign and Issuance of Circulating Half-Dollar Coins honoring the Commander-in-Chief and each of the Presidents of the Continental Congress and the United States, in Congress Assembled on the obverse and the Continental Congress and United States in Congress Assembled Capitol buildings on the reverse.
(1) REDESIGN BEGINNING IN 2011-
(A) IN GENERAL- Notwithstanding subsection (d) and in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, Half-Dollar coins issued during the period beginning January 1, 2011, and ending upon the termination of the program under paragraph (8), shall--
(i) have designs on the obverse selected in accordance with paragraph (2)(B) which are emblematic of the Commander-in-Chief, Continental Congress and United States in Congress Assembled Presidents of the United Colonies and States of America (herein after called President(s)); and
(ii) have a design on the reverse of the Continental Congress and United States in Congress Assembled Capitol buildings selected in accordance with paragraph (2)(A).
(B) CONTINUITY PROVISIONS-
(i) IN GENERAL- Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall continue to mint and issue Half-Dollar Coins which bear any design in effect before the issuance of coins as required under this subsection (including the so-called Kennedy’ Half-Dollar coins).
(ii) CIRCULATION QUANTITY- Beginning January 1, 2011, and ending upon the termination of the program under paragraph (8), the Secretary annually shall mint and issue such Presidential and Capitol Half-Dollar’ coins for circulation in quantities of no less than 1/3 of the total Half-Dollar coins minted and issued under this subsection.'
(2) DESIGN REQUIREMENTS- The Half-Dollar coins issued in accordance with paragraph (1) (A) shall meet the following design requirements:
(A) COIN REVERSE- The design on the reverse shall bear—
(i) a historic period likeness of City Tavern, Philadelphia; Carpenters
Hall, Philadelphia; Independence Hall, Philadelphia; Old Congress Hall, Baltimore; Lancaster Court House, Lancaster; York-Town Court House, York; College Hall, Philadelphia; Articles of Confederation, Great Seal of the United States; Prospect House, Princeton; Nassau Hall, Princeton; Maryland State House, Annapolis; French Arms Tavern, Trenton, Old Federal Hall, New York City; and Fraunces Tavern, New York with the year(s) congress convened, the name of the town and state, and the word capitol (except of City Tavern Philadelphia and the Great Seal) large enough to provide a dramatic representation of the building, Great Seal or Articles while not being large enough to create the impression of a 2-headed' coin;
(ii) the inscription Half-Dollar; and
(iii) the inscription United States of America'.
(iv) Years of the Building’s use by Congress
(v) Words “Great Seal of the United States – 1782” above the Great Seal
(vi) Words “Perpetual Union Ratified – 1781” above the Articles of Confederation.
(vi) Words “Perpetual Union Ratified – 1781” above the Articles of Confederation.
(B) COIN OBVERSE- The design on the obverse shall contain—
(i) the name and likeness of a Peyton Randolph; Henry Middleton, John Hancock, George Washington, Henry Laurens, John Jay, Samuel Huntington, Samuel Huntington, Thomas McKean, John Hanson, Elias Boudinot, Thomas Mifflin, Richard Henry Lee, John Hancock, Nathaniel Gorham, Arthur St. Clair and Cyrus Griffin.
(ii) basic information about the President and Commander-in-Chief, including:
(I) the dates or years of the term of office of such President and Commander-in-Chief; and
(II) a number indicating the order of the period of service in which the President served.
(III) the name of the Body served Continental Congress or United States in Congress Assembled except for the Commander-in-Chief which will state First Commander-in-Chief - United Colonies and States of America;
(C) EDGE-INCUSED INSCRIPTIONS-
(i) IN GENERAL- The inscription of the year of minting or issuance of the coin and the inscriptions E Pluribus Unum' and In God We Trust' shall be edge-incused into the coin.
(ii) PRESERVATION OF DISTINCTIVE EDGE- The edge-incusing of the inscriptions under clause (i) on coins issued under this subsection
shall be done in a manner that preserves the distinctive edge of the coin so that the denomination of the coin is readily discernible, including by
individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
(3) ISSUANCE OF COINS COMMEMORATING PRESIDENTS-
(A) ORDER OF ISSUANCE OBVERSE - The coins issued under this subsection commemorating Presidents of the United States shall be issued in the order of the period of service of each President and Commander-in-Chief in the as follows: Year One: Peyton Randolph 1774-1775; Henry Middleton 1774, John Hancock 1775-1777, Commander-in-Chief George Washington 1775-1783, Year Two: Henry Laurens 1777-1778, John Jay 1778-1779, Samuel Huntington 1779-1781, Samuel Huntington 1781, Year Three: Thomas McKean 1781, John Hanson 1781-1782, Elias Boudinot1782-1783, Thomas Mifflin 1783-1784, Year Four: Richard Henry Lee 1784-1785, John Hancock 1785-1786, Nathaniel Gorham 1786, Arthur St. Clair 1787 and Cyrus Griffin 1787-1788.
(B) ORDER OF ISSUANCE REVERSE -The coins issued under this subsection commemorating the Capitols of the United States shall be issued in the order Randolph Coin - City Tavern (1774), Philadelphia with the words “First Congressional Caucus”; Middleton Coin -Carpenters Hall (1774), Philadelphia with the words “Articles of Association”; Hancock Coin - Independence Hall (1775-1783), Philadelphia with the words “Declaration of Independence”; Washington Coin - Old Congress Hall (1775), Baltimore with the words “Victory at Trenton”; Laurens Coin - York-Town Court House (1777-1778), York, PA with the words “Victory at Saratoga”; Jay Coin - College Hall (1778-1779), Philadelphia with the words “U.S. Peace Commissioners”; Huntington Coin Independence Hall (1775-1783) with the words “Charleston Surrenders”; Huntington CoinIndependence Hall (1775-1783), Philadelphia words “Perpetual Union Ratified 1781”; McKean Coin - Independence Hall (1775-1783) Philadelphia; with the words “Victory at Yorktown”, John Hanson Coin - Great Seal of the United States with the words “Great Seal of the United States 1782”; Boudinot Coin - Nassau Hall (1783), Princeton with the words “Treaty of Paris 1783”; Mifflin Coin - Maryland State House (1784), Annapolis, “Commander-in-Chief Resigns”, Lee Coin - French Arms Tavern (1785), Trenton with the words “Western Land Ordinance”;Hancock Coin – Lancaster Court House (1777), Lancaster with the words “Congress in Flight”; Nathaniel Gorham Coin - Old Federal Hall (1785-1790) New York City; “Shays’ Rebellion”, Arthur St. Clair Coin – Old Federal Hall (1785-1790) New York City; with the words of “Northwest Ordinance” and Griffin Coin - Fraunces Tavern (1788), New York with the words “Constitution of 1787 Ratified”.
(C) TREATMENT OF PERIOD OF SERVICE-
(i) JOHN HANCOCK- two coins shall be issued under Subject one as the third President of the Continental Congress and one as the Seventh President of the United States in Congress Assembled.
(ii) SAMUEL HUNTINGTON- two coins shall be issued under Subject one as the sixth President of the Continental Congress and one as the First President of the United States, in Congress Assembled.
(4) ISSUANCE OF COINS COMMEMORATING 4 PRESIDENTS OR COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF DURING EACH YEAR OF THE PERIOD-
(A) IN GENERAL- The designs for the Half-Dollar coins issued during each year of the period referred to in paragraph (1) shall be emblematic of 4 Presidents or Commander-in-Chief until each President and the Commander-in-Chief has been so honored, subject to paragraph (2)(E).
(B) NUMBER OF 4 CIRCULATING COIN DESIGNS IN EACH YEAR- The Secretary shall prescribe, on the basis of such factors as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, the number of Half-Dollar coins that shall be issued with each of the designs selected for each year of the period referred to in paragraph (1).
(5) LEGAL TENDER- The coins minted under this title shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103.
(6) TREATMENT AS NUMISMATIC ITEMS- For purposes of section 5134 and 5136, all coins minted under this subsection shall be considered to be numismatic items.
(7) ISSUANCE OF NUMISMATIC COINS- The Secretary may mint and issue such number of Half-Dollar coins of each design selected under this subsection in uncirculated and proof qualities as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
(8) TERMINATION OF PROGRAM- The issuance of coins under this subsection shall terminate when each President has been so honored, subject to paragraph (2)(E), and may not be resumed except by an Act of Congress.
(9) REVERSION TO PRECEDING DESIGN- Upon the termination of the issuance of coins under this subsection, the design of all Half-Dollar coins shall revert to the so-called Kennedy’ Half-Dollar coins.'
(10) SALE OF BULLION COINS- Each bullion coin issued under this subsection shall be sold by the Secretary at a price that is equal to or greater than the sum of--
(A) the face value of the coins; and
(B) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, and shipping).
 |
| College of William and Mary on the Half Dollar Coin Act |
SEC. 104. REMOVAL OF BARRIERS TO CIRCULATION.
Section 5112 of title 31, United States Code, as amended by sections 102 and 103, by adding at the end the following:
(p) Removal of Barriers to Circulation of Half-Dollar Coin
(1) ACCEPTANCE BY AGENCIES AND INSTRUMENTALITIES- Beginning January 1, 2006, all agencies and instrumentalities of the United States, the United States Postal Service, all non-appropriated fund instrumentalities established under title 10, United States Code, all transit systems that receive operational subsidies or any disbursement of funds from the Federal Government, such as funds from the Federal Highway Trust Fund, including the Mass Transit Account, and all entities that operate any business, including vending machines, on any premises owned by the United States or under the control of any agency or instrumentality of the United States, including the legislative and judicial branches of the Federal Government, shall take such action as may be appropriate to ensure that by the end of the 2-year period beginning on such date--
(A) any business operations conducted by any such agency, instrumentality, system, or entity that involve coins or currency will be fully capable of accepting and dispensing Half-Dollar coins in connection with such operations; and
(B) displays signs and notices denoting such capability on the premises where coins or currency are accepted or dispensed, including on each vending machine.
(2) PUBLICITY- The Director of the United States Mint, shall work closely with consumer groups, media outlets, and schools to ensure an adequate amount of news coverage, and other means of increasing public awareness, of the inauguration of the Presidential Half-Dollar Coin Program established in subsection (n) to ensure that consumers know of the availability of the coin.
(3) COORDINATION- The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Secretary shall take steps to ensure that an adequate supply of Half-Dollar coins is available for commerce and collectors at such places and in such quantities as are appropriate by—
(A) consulting, to accurately gauge demand for coins and to anticipate and eliminate obstacles to the easy and efficient distribution and circulation of Half-Dollar coins as well as all other circulating coins, from time to time but no less frequently than annually, with a coin users group, which may include—
(i) representatives of merchants who would benefit from the increased usage of Half-Dollar coins;
(ii) vending machine and other coin acceptor manufacturers;
(iii) vending machine owners and operators;
(iv) transit officials;
(v) municipal parking officials;
(vi) depository institutions;
(vii) coin and currency handlers;
(viii) armored-car operators;
(ix) car wash operators; and
(x) coin collectors and dealers;
(B) submitting an annual report to the Congress containing—
(i) an assessment of the remaining obstacles to the efficient and timely circulation of coins, particularly Half-Dollar coins;
(ii) an assessment of the extent to which the goals of subparagraph (C) are being met; and
(iii) such recommendations for legislative action the Board and the Secretary may determine to be appropriate;
(C) consulting with industry representatives to encourage operators of vending machines and other automated coin-accepting devices in the United States to accept coins issued under the Presidential Half-Dollar Coin Program established under subsection (n) and any coins bearing any design in effect before the issuance of coins required under subsection (n) (including the so-called Kennedy-design' Half-Dollar coins), and to include notices on the machines and devices of such acceptability;
(D) ensuring that--
(i) during an introductory period, all institutions that want unmixed supplies of each newly-issued design of Half-Dollar coins minted under subsections (n) and (o) are able to obtain such unmixed supplies; and
(ii) circulating coins will be available for ordinary commerce in packaging of sizes and types appropriate for and useful to ordinary commerce, including rolled coins;
(E) working closely with any agency, instrumentality, system, or entity referred to in paragraph (1) to facilitate compliance with the requirements of such paragraph; and
(F) identifying, analyzing, and overcoming barriers to the robust circulation of Half-Dollar coins minted under subsections (n) and (o), including the use of demand prediction, improved methods of distribution and circulation, and improved public education and awareness campaigns.
(4) BULLION DEALERS- The Director of the United States Mint shall take all steps necessary to ensure that a maximum number of reputable, reliable, and responsible dealers are qualified to offer for sale all bullion coins struck and issued by the US Mint.
(5) REVIEW OF CO-CIRCULATION- At such time as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, and after consultation with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Secretary shall notify the Congress of its assessment of issues related to the co-circulation of any circulating Half-Dollar coin bearing any design, other than the so-called Kennedy-design' Half-Dollar coin, in effect before the issuance of coins required under subsection (n), including the effect of co-circulation on the acceptance and use of Half-Dollar coins, and make recommendations to the Congress for improving the circulation of Half-Dollar coins.
 |
| U.S. Mint on the Half Dollar Coin Act |
SEC. 105. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.
It is the sense of the Congress that—
(1) the enactment of this Act will serve to increase the use of Half-Dollar coins generally, which will increase the circulation of the so-called Kennedy-design' Half-Dollar coins that have been and will continue to be minted and issued;
(2) after four years, the continued minting and issuance of the so-called Kennedy-design' Half-Dollar coins will serve as a lasting tribute to President John F. Kennedy;
(3) the full circulation potential and cost-savings benefit projections for the Half-Dollar coins are not likely to be achieved unless the coins are delivered in ways useful to ordinary commerce;
(4) the coins issued in connection with this title should not be introduced with an overly expensive taxpayer-funded public relations campaign;
(5) in order for the circulation of Half-Dollar coins to achieve maximum potential--
(A) the coins should be as attractive as possible; and
(B) the Director of the United States Mint should take all reasonable steps to ensure that all Half-Dollar coins minted and issued remain tarnish-free for as long as possible without incurring undue expense; and
(6) if the Secretary of the Treasury determines to include on any Half-Dollar coin minted under section 102 of this Act a mark denoting the United States Mint facility at which the coin was struck, such mark should be edge-incused.
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| Gubernatorial Proclamation Declaring Samuel Huntington
the First President of the United States
|
What Can I do to help?
- Write President Barack Obama and the committee members urging them to support the proposed Half Dollar Coin Act.
- Pass on the U.S. Founding Half-Dollar Coin Act site onto others asking for their support.
- Write or call the Committee Members listed below. Also let your Congressmen know about the proposal.
- Purchase a Book, Capitol Posters, Presidential Medallions, Buttons or Trading Cardsto help fund this effort.
The Congressional Evolution of the United States of America
Continental Congress of the United Colonies Presidents
Sept. 5, 1774 to July 1, 1776
September 5, 1774
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October 22, 1774
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October 22, 1774
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October 26, 1774
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May 20, 1775
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May 24, 1775
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May 25, 1775
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July 1, 1776
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Commander-in-Chief United Colonies & States of America
George Washington: June 15, 1775 - December 23, 1783
Continental Congress of the United States Presidents
July 2, 1776 to February 28, 1781
July 2, 1776
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October 29, 1777
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November 1, 1777
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December 9, 1778
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December 10, 1778
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September 28, 1779
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September 29, 1779
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February 28, 1781
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Presidents of the United States in Congress Assembled
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789
March 1, 1781 to March 3, 1789
March 1, 1781
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July 6, 1781
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July 10, 1781
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Declined Office
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July 10, 1781
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November 4, 1781
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November 5, 1781
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November 3, 1782
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November 4, 1782
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November 2, 1783
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November 3, 1783
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June 3, 1784
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November 30, 1784
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November 22, 1785
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November 23, 1785
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June 5, 1786
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June 6, 1786
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February 1, 1787
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February 2, 1787
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January 21, 1788
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January 22, 1788
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January 21, 1789
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Presidents of the United States of America
D-Democratic Party, F-Federalist Party, I-Independent, R-Republican Party, R* Republican Party of Jefferson & W-Whig Party
(1789-1797)
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(1933-1945)
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(1865-1869)
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(1797-1801)
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(1945-1953)
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(1869-1877)
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(1801-1809)
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(1953-1961)
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(1877-1881)
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(1809-1817)
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(1961-1963)
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(1881 - 1881)
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(1817-1825)
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(1963-1969)
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(1881-1885)
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(1825-1829)
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(1969-1974)
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(1885-1889)
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(1829-1837)
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(1973-1974)
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(1889-1893)
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(1837-1841)
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(1977-1981)
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(1893-1897)
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(1841-1841)
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(1981-1989)
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(1897-1901)
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(1841-1845)
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(1989-1993)
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(1901-1909)
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(1845-1849)
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(1993-2001)
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(1909-1913)
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(1849-1850)
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(2001-2009)
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(1913-1921)
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(1850-1853)
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(2009-2017)
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(1921-1923)
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(1853-1857)
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(20017-Present)
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(1923-1929)
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*Confederate States of America
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(1857-1861)
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(1929-1933)
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(1861-1865)
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United Colonies Continental Congress
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President
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18th Century Term
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Age
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Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph (1745-1783)
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09/05/74 – 10/22/74
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29
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Mary Williams Middleton (1741- 1761) Deceased
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Henry Middleton
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10/22–26/74
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n/a
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Elizabeth "Betty" Harrison Randolph (1745–1783)
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05/20/ 75 - 05/24/75
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30
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Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
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05/25/75 – 07/01/76
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28
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United States Continental Congress
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President
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Term
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Age
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Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
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07/02/76 – 10/29/77
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29
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Eleanor Ball Laurens (1731- 1770) Deceased
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Henry Laurens
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11/01/77 – 12/09/78
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n/a
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Sarah Livingston Jay (1756-1802)
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12/ 10/78 – 09/28/78
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21
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Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
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09/29/79 – 02/28/81
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41
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United States in Congress Assembled
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President
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Term
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Age
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Martha Huntington (1738/39–1794)
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03/01/81 – 07/06/81
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42
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Sarah Armitage McKean (1756-1820)
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07/10/81 – 11/04/81
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25
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Jane Contee Hanson (1726-1812)
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11/05/81 - 11/03/82
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55
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Hannah Stockton Boudinot (1736-1808)
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11/03/82 - 11/02/83
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46
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Sarah Morris Mifflin (1747-1790)
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11/03/83 - 11/02/84
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36
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Anne Gaskins Pinkard Lee (1738-1796)
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11/20/84 - 11/19/85
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46
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Dorothy Quincy Hancock Scott (1747-1830)
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11/23/85 – 06/06/86
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38
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Rebecca Call Gorham (1744-1812)
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06/06/86 - 02/01/87
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42
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Phoebe Bayard St. Clair (1743-1818)
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02/02/87 - 01/21/88
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43
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Christina Stuart Griffin (1751-1807)
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01/22/88 - 01/29/89
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36
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Constitution of 1787
First Ladies |
President
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Term
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Age
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April 30, 1789 – March 4, 1797
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57
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March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801
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52
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Martha Wayles Jefferson Deceased
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September 6, 1782 (Aged 33)
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n/a
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March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
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40
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March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825
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48
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March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829
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50
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December 22, 1828 (aged 61)
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n/a
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February 5, 1819 (aged 35)
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n/a
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March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841
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65
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April 4, 1841 – September 10, 1842
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50
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June 26, 1844 – March 4, 1845
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23
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March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849
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41
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March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850
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60
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July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853
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52
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March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857
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46
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n/a
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n/a
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March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
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42
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February 22, 1862 – May 10, 1865
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April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869
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54
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March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
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43
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March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881
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45
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March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881
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48
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January 12, 1880 (Aged 43)
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n/a
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June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
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21
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March 4, 1889 – October 25, 1892
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56
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June 2, 1886 – March 4, 1889
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28
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March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901
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49
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September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
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40
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March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913
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47
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March 4, 1913 – August 6, 1914
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52
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December 18, 1915 – March 4, 1921
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43
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March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
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60
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August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
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44
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March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
|
54
| ||
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
|
48
| ||
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953
|
60
| ||
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
|
56
| ||
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
|
31
| ||
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
|
50
| ||
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974
|
56
| ||
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
|
56
| ||
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981
|
49
| ||
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
|
59
| ||
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993
|
63
| ||
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
|
45
| ||
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
|
54
| ||
January 20, 2009 to date
|
45
|
Capitals of the United Colonies and States of America
Philadelphia
|
Sept. 5, 1774 to Oct. 24, 1774
| |
Philadelphia
|
May 10, 1775 to Dec. 12, 1776
| |
Baltimore
|
Dec. 20, 1776 to Feb. 27, 1777
| |
Philadelphia
|
March 4, 1777 to Sept. 18, 1777
| |
Lancaster
|
September 27, 1777
| |
York
|
Sept. 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
| |
Philadelphia
|
July 2, 1778 to June 21, 1783
| |
Princeton
|
June 30, 1783 to Nov. 4, 1783
| |
Annapolis
|
Nov. 26, 1783 to Aug. 19, 1784
| |
Trenton
|
Nov. 1, 1784 to Dec. 24, 1784
| |
New York City
|
Jan. 11, 1785 to Nov. 13, 1788
| |
New York City
|
October 6, 1788 to March 3,1789
| |
New York City
|
March 3,1789 to August 12, 1790
| |
Philadelphia
|
Dec. 6,1790 to May 14, 1800
| |
Washington DC
|
November 17,1800 to Present
|
Book a primary source exhibit and a professional speaker for your next event by contacting Historic.us today. Our Clients include many Fortune 500 companies, associations, non-profits, colleges, universities, national conventions, PR and advertising agencies. As a leading national exhibitor of primary sources, many of our clients have benefited from our historic displays that are designed to entertain and educate your target audience. Contact us to learn how you can join our "roster" of satisfied clientele today!
Hosted by The New Orleans Jazz Museum and The Louisiana Historical Center
Hosted by The New Orleans Jazz Museum and The Louisiana Historical Center
Historic.us
A Non-profit Corporation
A Non-profit Corporation
Primary Source Exhibits
727-771-1776 | Exhibit Inquiries
202-239-1774 | Office
202-239-0037 | FAX
Dr. Naomi and Stanley Yavneh Klos, Principals
Naomi@Historic.us
Stan@Historic.us
Primary Source exhibits are available for display in your community. The costs range from $1,000 to $35,000 depending on length of time on loan and the rarity of artifacts chosen.
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| U.S. Dollar Presidential Coin Mr. Klos vs Secretary Paulson - Click Here |
The United Colonies of North America Continental Congress Presidents (1774-1776)
The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)
The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)
The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)
The United States of America Continental Congress Presidents (1776-1781)
The United States of America in Congress Assembled Presidents (1781-1789)
The United States of America Presidents and Commanders-in-Chiefs (1789-Present)
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